They mapped the whole fly
On 3 September, Google Research and HHMI Janelia published the complete connectome of a male Drosophila: the brain, the optic lobes and the ventral nerve cord. 166,700 neurons, about 11,700 cell types, and roughly 125 million synapses across 25.6 million connected pairs.
The method is brutal and simple. The animal is sliced into sections thinner than a wavelength of light and photographed under an electron microscope, which gives millions of flat images. A neural network reconstructs the neurons in three dimensions, and then humans spend years checking the reconstruction by hand.
All of it is open: free download and a browser you can fly through at male-cns.janelia.org.
A connectome is a wiring diagram — who connects to whom, and through how many synapses. It is emphatically not a running brain. Which did not stop anybody.